Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy
Scientific paper
Sep 2008
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2008epsc.conf..931j&link_type=abstract
European Planetary Science Congress 2008, Proceedings of the conference held 21-25 September, 2008 in Münster, Germany. Online a
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astronomy
Scientific paper
Introduction - Beginning of JUPOS in 1989, H.J. Mettig and Grischa Hahn in Dresden - 350.000 positional measures on electronic images of almost 180 observers have been gathered since 1998 - What do we mean by "electronic images": o digitized hi-res chemical photographs o traditional CCD technique o webcam images - 2002 started the implementation of WinJUPOS by Grischa, now finished - Cooperation with the Jupiter Section of the BAA for many years - At present, JUPOS has four active measurers: o Gianluigi Adamoli and Marco Vedovato (Italy) o H.J. Mettig (Germany) o Michel Jacquesson (France) How we work together - Each member of the team measures images of several observers (useful to detect and avoid systematic errors) - When necessary, exchange of problems and ideas by e-mail - During the period of visibility of Jupiter, team leader H.J. Mettig: o collects all recent measurements about once a month o produces drift charts - Once a year or two, the JUPOS team helds an informal meeting Criteria for image selection 1) Validity of time and date: Origins of time errors: 1. local zonal times are wrongly (or, not at all) converted to UT. This is still easy to find out: Either "only" the full hour is erroneous, or/and the date (problem of observers with UTC+10) 2. the computer clock has not been synchronised over a longer period 3. exposure of the final image exceeds the recommended two minutes or observers communicate begin or end of the total period of image recording instead of its middle How to test the validity of the time? - Position of a galilean satellite visible on or near Jupiter - Position of a satellite shadow - Measuring the longitude of permanent or long lived objects whose positions are known from former measurements 2) Avoid measuring the same object on different images taken at about the same time. One image every 1 ½ hours is sufficient 3) Duration of exposure: not more than 2-3 minutes because of the rapid rotation of Jupiter 4) Spectral range: Visual spectral range (sorted by descending priority): o color o monochrome red o IR broadband o green o not blue except for particular cases o not narrow band (except for methane band at 889nm) 5) Correct alignment of RGB color images from 3 monochrome frames 6) Choose images of better quality if several are available from about the same time An important prerequisite: adjust the outline frame correctly - Problems: o phase (darkening of the terminator) o limb darkening o tilt of the image (belt edges are not always horizontal) o north-south asymmetries (rare) o mirror-inverted images o invisibility of the illuminated limb on IR broad band and methane images - How to adjust the outline frame : o increase the luminosity and gamma to display the "real limb". This solution is not sufficient: many images do not show the real limb because of the image processing o use positions of satellites and shadows if visible o refer to latitudes of permanent or long lived objects, but only from recent images as their latitude can vary o setting the frame first on: the limb; the north and south poles; NOT at the terminator o in a series of images taken about 1 ½ hours apart, the same object must have the same position (+/- 0.5°) Measuring objects : 1) Place the WinJUPOS cursor onto the feature's centre - What to measure, what to omit? o some regions of Jupiter with big activity (SEB at present) show many small features that we omit because - finest details are often indistinguishable from image artefacts and noise - they are often short-living, and appear as "noise" in drift charts o omit measuring features too close to the planet's limb o problem with measuring the center of extended objects (e.g. GRS) : visual estimation can give a systematic error. The solution: rotate the image o diffuse features have no clear boundaries 2) Enter the standard JUPOS code of the object (longitude and latitude are automatically computed) 3) Optional: add a description of particular characteristics of the object Generating drift charts WinJUPOS can display different types of drift charts using selection files, filter criteria are for example: - latitude - object description (dark or bright features, etc) Computing drift values WinJUPOS can compute linear drift rates in longitude (and latitude) as well as metric wind speeds of particular objects. Conclusion The project offers a big motivaton to amateur astronomers to contribute to research in planetology at their modest level. Further information about JUPOS can be found at http://jupos.org or http://jupos.privat.t-online.de/index.htm
Jacquesson Michel
Mettig Hans-Joerg
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