J = 2-1 CO observations of molecular clouds with high-velocity gas - Evidence for clumpy outflows

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Carbon Monoxide, Electron Transitions, Interstellar Gas, Molecular Clouds, Molecular Spectra, Nebulae, Brightness Temperature, Early Stars, Line Spectra, Molecular Excitation, Vibrational Spectra

Scientific paper

Spectra are presented of the J = 2-1 and J = 1-0 transitions of (C-12)O toward seven regions where high-velocity molecular gas and vibrationally excited H2 emissions are seen. The two CO lines were observed with similar telescope beamwidths, so that the 2-1 and 1-0 transitions probe the same volume of gas. In all the sources, including Orion, the data indicate that the 2-1 CO lines are optically thick even in the high-velocity gas. In order to account for the low CO antenna temperatures observed in the line wings, the high-velocity gas can fill only a small fraction of the telescope beam. Since many of the regions of high-velocity gas are known to be extended relative to the beam, the CO emission must arise from numerous small, high-velocity condensations. This result provides possible observational support for the 'interstellar bullet' models of Norman and Silk, (1979), or for Chevalier's (1980) clumpy outflow model of Orion.

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