Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel in SN1987A

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Scientific paper

We analyze the light curves of several infrared emission lines of FeI, FeII, CoI, CoII, and NiI, NiII in the spectrum of SN1987A. Assuming that these elements are found in clumps that are not mixed microscopically with other elements, we show that the clumps must occupy > 30% of the volume of the emitting region (radial velocity < 2500 km s(-1) ). The result implies that the iron density must be ~ 30 times less than that of other elements, such as H, He, O, that occupy the same volume, and is a consequence of energy deposition by (56}{Ni) during the first few weeks after outburst (the ``nickel bubble''). We can account for the light curves (for 200d < t < 1200d) of all the emission lines from Fe, Co, Ni with a model consisting of ~ 100 clumps with cool cores and relatively warm surfaces. The cores, containing ~ 90 % of the Fe mass, are heated by fast electrons produced by radioactivity. The core temperature decreases from T ~ 4000 K at t = 200 d to T < 300 K at t = 1000 d. The surfaces, containing ~ 10 % of the Fe mass, are heated and ionized by two-photon continuum from decay of metastable He in the gas surrounding the clumps. The surface temperature decreases from T ~ 8000 K at t = 200 d to T ~ 1500 K at t = 1000 d. Emission from the surfaces dominates the Fe, Co, Ni emission line spectrum for t > 600 d.

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