Other
Scientific paper
Dec 2002
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2002agufmsa52a0386c&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2002, abstract #SA52A-0386
Other
5757 Remote Sensing
Scientific paper
Lightning discharges radiate the most of their electromagnetic energy in the very low frequency (VLF, 3-30kHz) and extremely low frequency (ELF, 3-3000Hz) bands. This energy is guided for long distances by multiple reflections from the ground and the ionosphere. Signals that propagate in a waveguide are strongly dispersed in a manner that is very sensitive to the characteristics of the guiding boundary. For VLF and ELF, the guiding boundary is the lower ionosphere, and thus the lightning generated signals contain substantial information about this region of the upper atmosphere. We report recent ionospheric measurements with this technique using magnetic field waveforms recorded at Duke University. VLF energy from lightning is almost exclusively reflected below 100 km and thus contains information about the ionospheric D region. Using VLF signals radiated from Midwestern US and other locations, we measure the day-to-day and single day variability of the D region (<100 km) ionosphere. With regular measurements we can determine the primary sources of this variability. Extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves launched by lightning are reflected from both D region and the E region valley. This double reflection, which is especially strong from E region layers, produces a substantial effect on the subionospheric propagation of ELF waves. This sensitivity enables remote sensing of the E region and E region layer detection. We show ELF measurements over the southern US that demonstrate how this technique can detect and quantify E region layers.
Cheng Zhen
Cummer Steven A.
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