Ion Events Observed by Wind far Upstream From the Bow Shock and by Geotail / Imp-8 Near the Bow Shock and Within the Plasma Sheet

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2116 Energetic Particles, Planetary, 2154 Planetary Bow Shocks

Scientific paper

Mason et al. (1996) reported characteristics of short duration energetic (>~30 keV/neucleon) heavy ion enhancements observed by the WIND spacecraft at large distances upstream from the bow shock during two periods of high speed streams (Jan. 20, 1995 - Feb. 19, 1995) and Desai et al (2000) extended their study and presented results from a statistical analysis of upstream events rich in CNO species as observed by the WIND spacecraft between 1994 day 325 to 1999 day 92. Desai et al. suggested that some ion characteristics (as for instance, the fact that the majority of the events were observed in the dawn-noon sector, the solar-wind-like ion composition and the heavy ion dominance of the total energy ion spectrum above ~0.5 MeV) appear to pose severe problems for the leakage model, while other characteristics appear to pose serious challenges for the Fermi acceleration model. In this paper we compare the statistical results of Desai et al. with the results from previous statistical and case studies and we show that the Wind observations are in general consistent with the leakage model. Furthermore, we examine simultaneous multispacecraft observations during time periods of some typical events presented by the authors (Mason et al., 1996; Desai et al., 2000) and we compare them with predictions from the leakage and bow shock acceleration models. In particular: (a) we present observations by WIND far upstream from the bow shock and by Geotail and IMP-8 within the magnetosphere and we infer that particle acceleration within the plasma sheet and subsequent leakage to the upstream region are responsible for the generation of these upstream ion events, and (b) we compare the upstream WIND observations with observations obtained by Geotail and IMP-8 near the bow shock, and we infer that the near bow shock observations do not fit with major predictions of Fermi acceleration models.

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