Other
Scientific paper
May 2002
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2002agusm.p22a..06l&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Spring Meeting 2002, abstract #P22A-06
Other
5464 Remote Sensing, 5470 Surface Materials And Properties, 5480 Volcanism (8450), 5494 Instruments And Techniques, 1729 Planetology
Scientific paper
The Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) on Galileo observed Io throughout the Galileo mission, from June 1996 until January 2002, collecting a unique data set that included distant observations to monitor the volcanic activity of Io's many hot spots to high spatial resolution observations that revealed for the first time the complex thermal structure of calderas and flows. The spectral range of NIMS (0.7 to 5.2 microns) allows the instrument to map the thermal emission from Io's many volcanic regions, and the surface distribution of SO2 and other compounds. This paper reviews what we have learned about Io's volcanic activity from NIMS observations, focusing on the results from the last Galileo fly-bys, on August 2001 (I31) and October 2001 (I32). Results on the global distribution of volcanic activity will be presented, as well as results from mapping of individual volcanic centers targeted during the fly-bys. The global distribution of volcanic activity can be discerned from observations covering large regions of Io. NIMS observations at global and regional scales revealed numerous previously undetected hot spots, showing that hot spots are ubiquitous on Io's surface. The distribution of hot spots is an indication of the mechanism of tidal dissipation and the apparently uniform distribution favors tidal heating occurring in the asthenosphere. At local scales, NIMS observations (combined with those from the Solid State Imaging experiment on Galileo) have shown a variety of volcanic structures including lava lakes and insulated lava flows. Eruption styles range from violent events dubbed "Pillanian" to effusions of lava flows, sometimes accompanied by plume activity. The temperatures derived from NIMS and SSI data indicate that the composition of the material erupted at most hot spots is silicate, but secondary sulfur volcanism may be taking place at some locations.
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