Investigation of the midlatitude ionospheric trough using ground-based geophysical methods and synchronous measurements from satellites

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F Region, Ionospheric Ion Density, Midlatitude Atmosphere, Night Sky, Satellite Sounding, Space Plasmas, Bibliographies, Convective Flow, Oxygen Spectra, Plasmapause, Troughs

Scientific paper

The paper examines results of coordinated studies of the midlatitude ionospheric trough using ground-based techniques (the meridional chain of stations V3, VN3, D1; and optical techniques) and synchronous measurements from the Aureole 1 and 2 satellites. The main processes in the subauroral F-region which lead to the formation of the sharp polar wall of the trough are examined, including ionization by soft electrons, plasma convection, and the latitude profile of the main emissions. It is confirmed that, during prolonged disturbances, the location of the polar wall of the trough in the nighttime sector coincides with the ionospheric projection of the plasmapause. In these conditions the main ionospheric trough is located within the plasmasphere.

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