Nonlinear Sciences – Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems
Scientific paper
2008-04-17
J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. {\bf 28}, 3235--3252 (1995)
Nonlinear Sciences
Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems
Some misprints corrected with respect to the printed version
Scientific paper
10.1088/0305-4470/28/11/021
Invariants at arbitrary and fixed energy (strongly and weakly conserved quantities) for 2-dimensional Hamiltonian systems are treated in a unified way. This is achieved by utilizing the Jacobi metric geometrization of the dynamics. Using Killing tensors we obtain an integrability condition for quadratic invariants which involves an arbitrary analytic function $S(z)$. For invariants at arbitrary energy the function $S(z)$ is a second degree polynomial with real second derivative. The integrability condition then reduces to Darboux's condition for quadratic invariants at arbitrary energy. The four types of classical quadratic invariants for positive definite 2-dimensional Hamiltonians are shown to correspond to certain conformal transformations. We derive the explicit relation between invariants in the physical and Jacobi time gauges. In this way knowledge about the invariant in the physical time gauge enables one to directly write down the components of the corresponding Killing tensor for the Jacobi metric. We also discuss the possibility of searching for linear and quadratic invariants at fixed energy and its connection to the problem of the third integral in galactic dynamics. In our approach linear and quadratic invariants at fixed energy can be found by solving a linear ordinary differential equation of the first or second degree respectively.
Pucacco Giuseppe
Rosquist Kjell
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