Interpretation of the gross molecular spectra of S stars

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Atmospheric Models, Molecular Spectra, Red Giant Stars, Stellar Atmospheres, Stellar Spectra, Abundance, Carbon, Oxygen, S Stars, Spectral Bands, Stellar Models, Titanium Oxides, Zirconium Oxides

Scientific paper

A grid of S star model atmospheres (Teff = 2500-3500 K, C/O = 0.6-1.0, log g = 0) is examined. Several tests are made to examine the effect of (1) atomic line blanketing, (2) gravity, (3) s-process enhancements and (4) nonsolar C/O ratios. The models are used to generate column densities of molecules of particular interest in S stars. The column densities are used to develop guidelines by which the observed molecular spectra of S stars may be interpreted in terms of physical variables. The main conclusions are: (1) molecular band strengths are not good temperature indicators from star to star because of their great C/O sensitivity; carefully selected atomic lines or infrared colors should produce a reliable temperature index; (2) the band strength of TiO is a good C/O indicator in S stars when adjusted for its temperature variations; (3) the molecular spectra of S stars cannot be interpreted solely by C/O effects. When allowance is made for molecular equilibrium effects, the band strength of ZrO could provide an abundance index for S stars.

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