Computer Science – Sound
Scientific paper
Jan 2002
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2002iaf..confe.889d&link_type=abstract
IAF abstracts, 34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, The Second World Space Congress, held 10-19 October, 2002 in Houston, TX, USA.,
Computer Science
Sound
Scientific paper
Space Mechanics and Control Division, The Brazilian National Institute for Space Research; Flight Dynamics Brazil started its space program in 1993. Since then 3 satellites were launched successfully. The first satellite, SCD-1, designed for a one year life is still up and running. The other successful ones are SCD-2, a continuation of SCD-1 and CBERS-1, a 1.4 ton remote sensing satellite in cooperation with China (SCD-1 and 2 are 110 kg data collection satellites). There were also three unsuccessful launches, two of it for testing the Brazilian launcher VLS (carrying upgraded qualification models) and the other a 50 kg scientific satellite launched in piggy back with CBERS-1 by a Long March IV launcher. The success rate is quite acceptable for such a young program. The federal budget has been around 100 million US dollars per year, including wages, which is a modest figure when compared with other countries, but significant when considering other problems the country faces in its federal budget. In order to be able to launch its first satellite in 1993, the country had to start many years before its space infrastructure, personnel training and education. As a result, it has developed mature programs in space applications such as in remote sensing, oceanography and meteorology, with data obtained from other satellites as well. Lately Brazil was invited by NASA to participate in the construction of the International Space Station, being the 16 th country to participate in this project and the only developing country among these. The country has to balance very well new investments in its space program, in order not to waste funds that may be lacking in other activities. On the other hand, there is always the need to advance with more ambitious projects. One area that is very hard to have investments justified under this "balance" criteria is in space science where the benefits have to be clear both at the technological level as well as at the scientific level. With the purpose to reach these benefits one strategy is international cooperation in a state of the art mission, technically and financially feasible for the country participation and where it can benefit from learning from a more experienced and knowledgeable partner. Sounds too good to be true? It is! And this partner exists, moreover for scientific missions. Brazil and Russia have been exchanged scientists and projects for many years now in space science and engineering. The Brazilian governments has a very fruitful program to attract visiting researchers and Russian space scientists and engineers have been invited very often with very good results. One of these results is a joint space scientific mission for space weather, solar activity and geomagnetic storms monitoring and forecast. The topic is one of the most sought nowadays and one useful for the entire international scientific community in the area. Russia had this project in mind with Ukraine. The Russian spacecraft will orbit with a highly eccentric orbit with an apogee of 400,000 km and the Ukrainian satellite (maybe more than one) will orbit at LEO for observation of the magnetosphere and the aurora. The inclusion of a Brazilian small (approximately 300 kg) third satellite with a highly eccentric intermediate orbit, with apogee of 150,000 km, will allow for a third magnetosphere and aurora observation point, and one that can sweep the magnetosphere from its inside to its outside, and vice versa, thus aggregating a lot of scientific value to the data obtained by the whole mission. This paper describes the mission as well as the strategy taken in order to justify the Brazilian participation both at the Russian side and at the Brazilian side, considering not only the scientific and technology aspects of the mission, but also its financial, political and decision making process. At the end the actual development status of the project is presented.
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