Impacts of asteroidal material on cometary nuclei

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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Asteroids, Astronomical Models, Capture Effect, Comet Nuclei, Impact Melts, Penetration, Projectiles, Satellite-Borne Instruments, Shock Waves, Velocity Distribution

Scientific paper

Impacts can bring geologically evolved asteroidal dust or lumps into cometary nuclei that consist of more primitive material. We estimate the amount of the asteroidal material captured in nucleus of some short-period comets during one revolution, during the whole lifetime of the nucleus in the inner solar system, and, finally, during the period shortly after the formation of nucleus in outer regions of the protoplanetary disk. Interplanetary dust grains registered by Galileo and Ulysses dust detectors between Venus and Jupiter together with IRAS photometry of dust in asteroidal band provided us with the basic data for estimating the dust concentration in space at various places not far from the ecliptic. Another basis was the five populations of interplanetary meteoroids proposed by Divine and the paper on influx of interplanetary bodies onto Earth compiled by Ceplecha. We attempted to model a cratering story of a typical cometary nucleus during its lifetime starting from its formation. According to numerical models of impacts into ice, the penetration depth varies from millimeters to several tens of meters. Models were computed for the size range of projectiles from 10 micron to 10 m, velocities from 10 m/s to 10 km/s, and densities from 1 to 8 g/ccm.

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