Impacts Into a Body the Size of 243 Ida: Numerical Hydrocode Modeling

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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Asteroids, Impact Craters, Meteorites

Scientific paper

We examine the effects of impacts into a sphere with the volume of asteroid 243 Ida using a numerical hydrodynamic model of a projectile impacting a body [1]. This body is near the minimum-strength size found by Ryan [2] and by Holsapple and Housen [3] due to the increasing importance of gravity. We compare the results of modeling of Ida with those we obtained for 951 Gaspra [4], where we modeled regolith production, crater erasure, and crater size as a function of impactor size. We examine the effects of various-sized impacts, (1) including and (2) ignoring the effect of gravity on the body. We examine the largest impact that 243 Ida can withstand without catastrophic fragmentation under both conditions. We also examine the propagation of fracture in both cases. The pattern of fracture propagation helps determine the crater size [5]. It also determines the likelihood of forming an antipodal spall plate. An antipodal spall plate can be ejected from the body at relatively high velocity, but without subjecting the material to high shock pressure [6]. Thus, such spall is a possible mechanism for creating meteorites. References: [1] Asphaug E. and Melosh H. J. (1993) Icarus, 101, 144-164. [2] Ryan E. (1993) Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Arizona. [3] Fujiwara et al., In Asteroids II, 240. [4] Nolan M. C. et al. (1992) Meteoritics, 27, 270. [5] Nolan M. C. et al. (1992) Bull. AAS, 24, 959. [6] Melosh (1986) Impact Cratering: A Geologic Process, Oxford.

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