Impact cratering mechanics - Relationship between the shock wave and excavation flow

Statistics – Computation

Scientific paper

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Cratering, Impact, Rheology, Shock Waves, Flow Velocity, Particle Motion, Pressure Distribution, Stress Waves, Planets, Impacts, Cratering, Shock Effects, Waves, Flow, Mechanics, Velocity, Thermodynamics, Parameters, Diagrams

Scientific paper

This paper describes the relationship between the shock wave produced by an impact and the excavation flow that opens the crater. The excavation flow velocity is shown to be a nearly constant fraction of the peak particle velocity in the wave. The existence of an excavation flow is due to thermodynamically irreversible processes in the shock. The excavation flow velocity is thus very sensitive to nonideal constitutive effects such as porosity, plastic yielding, and unreversed phase transformations. Cratering computations that do not model these effects correctly may produce misleading results.

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