Imaging the Circumstellar Envelopes Around Evolved Stars with the SMA

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Ism: Individual (V Hya, Vy Cma, &Pi, 1 Gru), Ism: Jets And Outflows, Ism: Molecules, Stars: Agb And Post-Agb

Scientific paper

We present the high-resolution (2''--4'') images of the molecular envelopes surrounding the evolved stars, V Hya, VY CMa, and π1 Gru observed with the Submillimeter Array. The CO J=2--1 and 3--2 images of the carbon star V Hya show that the circumstellar structure of this star consists of three kinematic components; there is a flattened disk-like envelope that is expanding with a velocity of ˜16 km s-1, the second component is the medium-velocity wind having a deprojected velocity of 40--120 km s-1 moving along the disk plane, and the third one is the bipolar molecular jet having an extreme velocity of 70--185 km s-1. The axis of this high velocity jet is perpendicular to the plane of the disk-like envelope. We found that the circumstellar structure of the S-star π1 Gru traced by the CO J=2--1 resembles that of V Hya quite closely; the star is surrounded by the expanding disk-like envelope and is driving the medium-velocity wind along the disk plane. We also obtained the excellent images of VY CMa with the CO and 13CO J=2--1 and SO 6_5--5_4 lines. The maps of three molecular lines show that the envelope has a significant velocity gradient in the east-west direction, suggesting that the envelope surrounding VY CMa is also flattened and expanding along its radial direction. The high-resolution images obtained with the SMA show that some AGB stars are associated with the asymmetric mass loss including the equatorial wind and bipolar jet.

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