Identification of geomagnetic current systems from a ground-based network

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The Earth's total magnetic field is a superposition of magnetic fields from a variety of sources. At the Earth's surface, the most important source is the internal field produced by currents within the Earth's liquid core. At high latitudes of our planet, magnetopheric and ionospheric current systems are other important sources of magnetic field. A large part of research in geomagnetism is devoted to the identification of these internal and external sources. The separation of current systems from ground-based measurements is a source separation problem. In this study, our approach consists in inferring from a statistical analysis of the data set what are the different contributing source terms. Our analysis will be done by a statistical method known as the Singular Value Decomposition. The SVD is widely used in multivariate analysis for reduction of dimensionality, which offers a more concise description of the observed data and helps to extract significant information from the data. From geomagnetic data provided by the INTERMAGNET global network, the results of the SVD analysis can be interpreted in terms of current systems such as the magnetic field declination, the separation of the auroral electrojets into quiet and intermittent components, the seasonal effects, the ring current signature, the observation of the polar cusp and the cross-tail currents, the displacement of the auroral oval (and even the detection of geomagnetic jerks ?).

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