Huygens probe entry and descent trajectory analysis and reconstruction techniques

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Cassini/Huygens is a joint NASA/ESA mission on its way to explore the Saturnian system. The ESA Huygens probe is scheduled to be released from the Orbiter on 25 December 2004 and enter the atmosphere of Titan in January, 2005. The Probe will be delivered at a reference altitude of 1270 km above the surface of Titan. The initial condition of the probe entry will be derived from navigation studies under the responsibility of JPL´s Cassini Navigation Team. The task of accurately reconstructing the Probe trajectory profile during entry and descent has been assigned to the Huygens Descent Trajectory Working Group (DTWG) under the responsibility of the Huygens Science Working team. The DTWG will use data provided by the Huygens Probe engineering subsystems and selected datasets acquired by the scientific payload. To correctly interpret and correlate results from the Probe science experiments and to provide a reference set of data for ``ground-truthing" Orbiter remote sensing measurements, it is essential that the trajectory reconstruction be performed as early as possible in the post-flight data analysis phase. The trajectory reconstruction will be mainly based on the onboard accelerometer measurements and initial conditions specified by the Navigation team. Measurements of atmospheric pressure and temperature by the Huygens Atmospheric Structure Instrument (HASI), the mean molecular weight of the atmosphere by the probe Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer in the upper atmosphere and the Surface Science Package (SSP) speed of sound measurement in the lower atmosphere, and probe altitude by the two radar altimeters will provide additional data that will be included in the descent trajectory analysis by a Kalman Filtering algorithm. Nearer the surface the altitude will be constrained by the SSP acoustic sounder. Other instruments contributing data to the entry and descent trajectory and attitude determination are the Doppler Wind Experiment and the Descent Imager and Spectral Radiometer.

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