HST Observations of Io's Atmosphere Coordinated with Galileo

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Hst Proposal Id #6786 Solar System

Scientific paper

The main molecular component of Io's atmosphere, SO_2, has been detected in its strong absorption bands around 2000 Angstroms with HST reflectance spectra. SO_2 is produced by sublimation of frost deposits and direct outgassing from volcanoes. Although modeling of the HST data has set valuable constraints, the nature of these sources remains to be unambiguously determined. We propose to separate the sublimation and volcanic SO_2 components with 3 HST orbits to obtain FOS G190H disk-integrated spectra with the best possible S/N as a function of time as Io comes out of eclipse and its SO_2 frost deposits warm up by sunlight and build up the sublimation component. Two additional orbits are requested for SO_2 observations of Io at east and west elongation for comparison of the leading, trailing and Jupiter-facing hemispheres, and against previous east/west observations to measure variations associated with volcanic activity. A second set of 3 HST orbits are requested for observations of Io coming out of eclipse in support of GALILEO UVS eclipse observations during its third approach to Jupiter (G2). Both instruments would take nearly simultaneous disk-integrated spectra of the far-UV emissions by the main atomic atmospheric components O and S, the excitation of which is somehow controlled by the atmosphere-torus interaction. Although farther from Io and with a smaller spectral coverage, GHRS G140L would provide higher S/N and better temporal and spectral resolution, which

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