Horizon effects with surface waves on moving water

Details Horizon effects with surface waves on moving water Horizon effects with surface waves on moving water

2010-04-30

arxiv.org/abs/1004.5546v2

New J. Phys. 12 (2010) 095018

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astrophysics

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

30 pages, 15 figures. Minor changes

Scientific paper

Surface waves on a stationary flow of water are considered, in a linear model that includes the surface tension of the fluid. The resulting gravity-capillary waves experience a rich array of horizon effects when propagating against the flow. In some cases three horizons (points where the group velocity of the wave reverses) exist for waves with a single laboratory frequency. Some of these effects are familiar in fluid mechanics under the name of wave blocking, but other aspects, in particular waves with negative co-moving frequency and the Hawking effect, were overlooked until surface waves were investigated as examples of analogue gravity [Sch\"utzhold R and Unruh W G 2002 Phys. Rev. D 66 044019]. A comprehensive presentation of the various horizon effects for gravity-capillary waves is given, with emphasis on the deep water/short wavelength case kh>>1 where many analytical results can be derived. A similarity of the state space of the waves to that of a thermodynamic system is pointed out.

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