HI Gas in the Galactic Halo

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Radio Astronomy, Radio Emission, Radio Observation, Radio Spectra, Radio Telescopes, Galactic Halos, Galactic Structure, Hydrogen Atoms, Neutral Gases, Dispersion, Radial Velocity, Velocity Distribution, Spectral Emission, Emission Spectra, H Lines, Line Spectra, Spectral Line Width, Hydrogen Clouds

Scientific paper

The Leiden/Dwingeloo Survey (LDS), which becomes available soon, offers new possibilities for analyzing Galactic HI with an outstanding sensitivity. The survey data have been carefully corrected for sidelobe contamination of the antenna and for baseline effects in the velocity range $-450$~\kms~$< Vlsr < +400$~\kms. At present this survey is the most reliable database for analysis of faint, large-scale \hi features which may be attributed to an HI halo of the Galaxy. This motivated investigations which are briefly described in this paper. We find evidence for weak HI emission connecting high-velocity clouds (HVC) with gas at intermediate velocities (IV) or low velocities (LV). These weak emission features, which we call 'velocity bridges', are very common at least in HVC complex C. It is difficult to interpret such a wide-spread phenomenon in the context of the current theory placing the HVCs at distances of several kpc above the Galactic plane. HI gas with large velocity dispersions is another phenomenon which can be analyzed using the LDS. We detect \hi gas with properties similar to those of the Lockman layer, although some of the parameters are more extreme. In every direction of the sky \hi gas was found having a characteristic dispersion of 70 \kms and column densities in the range $1 - 2\times 1019$~cm$^{-2}$.

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