Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy
Scientific paper
Apr 2003
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2003aps..apr.b9007f&link_type=abstract
American Physical Society, April Meeting, 2003, April 5-8, 2003 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, MEETING ID: APR03, abstract #B9.007
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astronomy
Scientific paper
We explore the properties of the Early Universe by utilizing the recent advances in the understanding of equations of state of strongly-interacting matter. We explore in some detail the period that spanned 10-50 microseconds (when the temperature of the Universe was T 100-200 MeV), when matter transformed from a deconfined quark-gluon plasma to a hot hadronic gas. We obtain chemical potentials implied by the present day baryon-to-photon ratios [1], by assuming chemical and thermal equilibrium, which is justified by the particle yields obtained at RHIC. The baryochemical potential reaches its minimal value of 0.33 eV at the beginning of hadronization of the quark Universe. However, such a small value is only reliably determined should any CPT violating mass difference between quarks and antiquarks be much smaller. By considering the neutral kaon system, we find that at T=0 the upper limit in the mass difference between quarks and antiquarks is 0.001 eV [2], and thus consistent with the assumed CPT symmetry in the hot quark Universe. In the mixed hadron-quark phase we further find at a non-zero chemical potential a significant hadron sector electric charge distillation. Such an effect is expected to amplify any small pre-existing standard model matter/antimatter asymmetry, and will require further study. [1] M. J. Fromerth, and J. Rafelski, astro-ph/0211346 [2] M. J. Fromerth, and J. Rafelski, hep-ph/0211362
Fromerth Michael
Rafelski Johann
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