H_2O Maser Emission from FU Orionis and Herbig Ae/Be Stars

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We are conducting a survey and variability study of H_2O masers associated with low and intermediate luminosity pre-main sequence objects, including a number of FU Orionis and Herbig Ae/Be Stars. Observations are being made with the 37 m antenna of the MIT Haystack Observatory. Of 20 stars observed thus far, masers have been detected toward V645 Cyg, LkHa234, RNO 1B and SVS13. The maser emission detected toward these objects lies at radial velocities consistent with CO emission from molecular cloud material associated with the stars, indicating that the masers arise in circumstellar gas. The maser emission toward RNO 1B is not necessarily directly associated with this FU Ori star, since there is evidence that an embedded IRAS source within the beam of the 37 m telescope, rather than RNO 1B, may be responsible for a molecular outflow in this region. We also detected maser emission toward BD+40(deg) 4124; however the LSR velocity of this maser is -80 km/s, a velocity difference of ~ 90 km/s from that of CO emission from molecular material in the vicinity of BD+40(deg) 4124. This large difference suggests that the H_2O emission may arise in a strong background source along the line of sight. We did not detect maser emission toward V1057 Cyg, PV Cep, or LkHα 198, each of which previously has been associated or tentatively associated with H_2O masers. Upper limits for these sources and other non-detections are ~ 0.5 Jy. We are investigating maser variability, with particular attention to the FU Ori stars, via monitoring over time intervals of one to several months.

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