Group velocity of gravitational waves in an expanding universe

Details Group velocity of gravitational waves in an expanding universe Group velocity of gravitational waves in an expanding universe

2007-07-10

arxiv.org/abs/0707.1513v3

Gen.Rel.Grav.41:505-524,2009

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astrophysics

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

19 pages, 2 figures; structure reorganized, discussion of electromagnetic waves altered

Scientific paper

10.1007/s10714-008-0681-x

The group velocity of gravitational waves in a flat Friedman-Robertson-Walker universe is investigated. For plane waves with wavelength well inside the horizon, and a universe filled with an ideal fluid with the pressure to density ratio less than 1/3, the group velocity is greater than the velocity of light. As a result, a planar pulse of gravitational waves propagating through the universe during the matter/dark energy dominated era arrives to the observer with the peak shifted towards the forefront. For gravitational waves emitted by inspiralling supermassive black holes at the edge of the observable universe, the typical shift that remains after the effects of nonplanarity are suppressed is of order of ten picoseconds.

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