Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics – High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Scientific paper
2009-01-08
Astrophysical Journal Letters 695 (2009) L10-L14.
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Significantly revised with a discussion of additional models. Accepted for publication in APJL
Scientific paper
Randomly oriented relativistic emitters in a relativistically expanding shell provides an alternative to internal shocks as a mechanism for producing GRBs' variable light curves with efficient conversion of energy to radiation. In this model the relativistic outflow is broken into small emitters moving relativistically in the outflow's rest frame. Variability arises because an observer sees an emitter only when its velocity points towards him so that only a small fraction of the emitters are seen by a given observer. Models with significant relativistic random motions require converting and maintaining a large fraction of the overall energy into these motions. While it is not clear how this is achieved, we explore here, using two toy models, the constraints on parameters required to produce light curves comparable to the observations. We find that a tight relation between the size of the emitters and the bulk and random Lorentz factors is needed and that the random Lorentz factor determines the variability. While both models successfully produce the observed variability there are several inconsistencies with other properties of the light curves. Most of which, but not all, might be resolved if the central engine is active for a long time producing a number of shells, resembling to some extent the internal shocks model.
Lazar Ayah
Nakar Ehud
Piran Tsvi
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