GRB Afterglows within the Supercritical Pile Model

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Scientific paper

We model the prompt and afterglow emission within the context of the Supercritical Pile model for GRBs. We have performed self-consistent calculations by solving time-dependent kinetic equations for protons, electrons and photons in addition to the usual mass and energy conservation equations including also the radiation drag force exerted on the flow from the scattered radiation of the prompt emission on the circumburst matter. We follow the evolution of the Blast Wave (BW) as it sweeps up circumstellar matter and assume that the swept-up electrons and protons have energies equal to the Lorentz factor of the flow. As the mass swept by the BW increases, it becomes supercritical to the `proton-photon pair-production - synchrotron radiation’ network, and, as a consequence, the proton energy is converted explosively into electron-positron pairs and radiation. The associated radiation drag causes a precipitous decrease of the BW Lorentz factor, much faster that the usual adiabatic/radiative ones, after which it remains constant for an extended period. This results in a GRB afterglow with a very steep flux decrease followed by a prolonged period of constant flux similar to those observed in the Swift XRT light curves. Finally, a simple enlargement of this model by inclusion of non-thermal protons can provide also for a comprehensive scheme for unifying GRB, XRR and XRF and an account of the Yonetoku relation.

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