Gravity field and rotation of planets - A review from the point of view of planetary geodesy

Statistics – Applications

Scientific paper

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Planets, Rotation, Gravity Fields, Review, Geodesy, Topography, Moon, Mathematical Models, Statistical Analysis, Parameters, Physical Properties, Terrestrial Planets, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Earth, Mars, Spectrum, Comparisons, Jovian Planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto

Scientific paper

Recent progress made in the field of planetary geodesy is reviewed in the areas of planetary gravitational fields, topography and rotation. The traditional spherical harmonics representation of the gravitational potential of a planet is discussed, and means used for the estimation of the potential coefficients by the analysis of the orbital perturbations of planetary orbiters are considered, along with the statistical properties of the potential and its correlation with topography. The rotational elements specifying the direction of the north pole and the orientation of the prime meridian of a planet are defined, and recommended values of the right ascension and declination of planetary north poles and the angle along the planetary equator from the ascending node of the equator to the point where the prime meridian crosses the equator are indicated for the sun, planets and moon. Current knowledge of geodetic characteristics is discussed separately for each planet and the moon, and the observed and topographically derived gravitational spectra of the earth, moon, Mars and Venus are compared.

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