Graphite content and isotopic fractionation between calcite-graphite pairs in metasediments from the Mgama Hills, Southern Kenya

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Amphibolite-grade metasediments from the Mgama Hills region, Kenya, contain conspicuous quantities of graphite, most probably derived from organic progenitor materials. The highest graphite contents (5.1-20.4%) are found in schists whereas calcite marbles intercalated in the sequence contain relatively low amounts (0.1-2.0%). The graphitic constituents are consistently enriched in 13 C relative to common sedimentary organic material, with the highest isotopic ratios in graphite from the marbles ( 13 C = -7.3 ± 5.0%.; n = 10). Carbon isotope fractionations between calcite and graphite mostly vary between 3.3 and 7.1 , which comes close to both empirically recorded and thermodynamically calculated fractionations in the temperature range of the upper amphibolite faciès (550-650°C). However, larger values occasionally encountered in the marbles suggest that complete isotopic equilibrium is not always attained in amphibolite-facies metamorphism.

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