Global properties of the solar wind. II - Empirical proton temperature gradients and their dependence on flow velocity

Details Global properties of the solar wind. II - Empirical proton temperature gradients and their dependence on flow velocity Global properties of the solar wind. II - Empirical proton temperature gradients and their dependence on flow velocity

Jan 1981

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1981apj...243..279e&link_type=abstract

Astrophysical Journal, Part 1, vol. 243, Jan. 1, 1981, p. 279-287. Research supported by the P. E. F. Israel Endowment Funds.

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astrophysics

10

Flow Velocity, Magnetohydrodynamic Flow, Proton Energy, Solar Protons, Solar Wind, Temperature Gradients, Adiabatic Demagnetization Cooling, Anisotropy, Plasma Diagnostics, Synoptic Measurement

Scientific paper

Published spacecraft data on proton temperatures in the solar wind are fitted to an expression (T/T0) = (u/u0)β(r/r0)-α, using a two-dimensional regression. This expression exhibits the dependence of proton temperature T both on flow velocity u and heliocentric distance r. The expression can be readily used to compare results from different spacecraft.
The cooling index α is found to depend on flow velocity such that steeper temperature gradients are obtained for smaller flow velocities. For very low velocities, α > 4/3. This might indicate "superadiabatic" cooling, but can actually be reconciled with adiabatic rates provided thermal anisotropy is included in cooling theories.
Additional masking effects due to stream-stream interactions and averaging over large flow-velocity variance are pointed out.

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