Global and local influences on the chemical composition of snowfall at Dye 3, Greenland: the record between 10 ka B.P. and 40 ka B.P.

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Scientific paper

Wisconsin Age ice from Dye 3, Greenland, shows a number of δ18O level changes which indicate the occurrence of rapid climate transitions. In order to study the effect of climate change on geochemical fluxes we have selected several of these transitions for chemical analysis. At each transition we have measured chloride, nitrate and sulfate concentrations with 5 cm depth resolution. All three anionic species show significant variations which correlate with the measured δ18O shifts. In general, periods of high δ18O (warm periods) have lower anion concentrations than adjacent periods of low δ18O (cold periods). However, the relative concentration shifts are not the same for all species, indicating that the concentration variations cannot be caused only by changes in snow accumulation rate acting on a constant anion flux. In addition to these rapid concentration changes, over the last 40 ka slower, secular variations in baseline concentrations also occurred. Baseline chloride and sulfate concentrations reached maxima near time of maximum ice volume. Baseline nitrate, on the other hand, remained relatively constant until near the end of the glaciation when its concentration rose. If a constant sulfate flux is assumed, the measured sulfate concentrations imply a dependence of snow accumulation rate on δ18O for the Wisconsin which is similar to that presently observed in Greenland. The sulfate concentrations would then suggest that Wisconsin snowfall rates were, at times, as much as eight times lower than today.

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