GGD 27: X-rays from a Massive Protostar with an Outflow

Details GGD 27: X-rays from a Massive Protostar with an Outflow GGD 27: X-rays from a Massive Protostar with an Outflow

Jan 2009

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2009apj...690..850p&link_type=abstract

The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 690, Issue 1, pp. 850-861 (2009).

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astronomy

5

Infrared: Stars, Stars: Pre-Main Sequence, X-Rays: Stars

Scientific paper

We report the discovery of a cluster of Class I protostars in GGD 27. One of these protostars is the previously known, centrally located, GGD 27-ILL, which powers a massive bipolar outflow. We show that GGD 27-ILL, which is known to be the bright infrared (IR) source, IRAS 18162-2048, and a compact radio continuum source, is also the newly discovered hard X-ray source, GGD 27-X. The observations were made with the ACIS instrument on the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The X-rays from GGD 27-X are variable when compared with 4 years earlier, with an unabsorbed 2-10 keV X-ray luminosity in this observation of 1.5-12 × 1031 erg s-1 and a plasma temperature of >= 107 K. The X-rays are probably associated with the underlying B0 star (rather than outflowing material), providing a rare glimpse in hard X-rays of an optically obscured massive protostar with an outflow. The X-ray luminosity and spectrum appear to be consistent with stars of its type in other star formation regions. Several other variable X-ray sources are also detected in the IR cluster that contains GGD 27-X. We also discuss another nearby cluster. In each of the clusters there is an object that is X-ray hard, highly absorbed at low energies, in a blank optical/IR/radio field, and variable in X-ray intensity by a factor of >= 10 on a timescale of 4 years. These latter objects may arise from more recent episodes of star formation or may be "hidden" Class III sources.

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