Mathematics – Logic
Scientific paper
Jan 2001
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2001shem.work..154n&link_type=abstract
Workshop on Science and the Human Exploration of Mars, p. 154
Mathematics
Logic
Mars Surface, Planetary Geology, Petrography, Geological Surveys, Astronauts
Scientific paper
Humans make better geologists than robots, and putting astronauts on the surface of Mars will greatly enhance scientific exploration and increase the chances for key scientific discoveries. Humans can recognize interesting samples and, importantly, place those samples in the overall geological context of the particular landing site. These attributes were amply demonstrated during the Apollo program, as for example when Jack Schmitt accidentally slipped and discovered the "orange soil" (glass beads) at the Apollo 17 site. These samples remain some of the most important collected during the Apollo program and are still being analyzed by scientists worldwide. Because the Apollo missions were each of limited duration, no instruments were carried along for actual analysis of rock samples prior to returning them to Earth. However, human expeditions to Mars will likely involve extended stays (months). Assuming a limited capacity for returning geological samples, it will be highly advantageous to carry some rudimentary kinds of analytical equipment to the Martian surface in order to ensure that the most significant geological samples are collected and returned to Earth. This paper discusses some of the most useful and practical types of analytical equipment that might be taken along in order to characterize geological samples on the surface of Mars. Some useful tools actually can be carried by astronauts into "the field" as opposed to remaining on the spacecraft lander. These portable instruments are mainly the simplest yet most important instruments. There is no substitute for a human eye coupled with a well-trained mind, and what the eye can see will be greatly enhanced by having a geological hammer (to expose fresh rock surfaces) and some kind of helmet compatible magnifier for first-order rock and mineral characterization.
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