Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
2008-10-14
Phys.Rev.D79:063524,2009
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
20 pages. Revised version includes an explicit calculation of gauge invariance. Text reorganized to improve clarity, and refer
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevD.79.063524
The standard cosmological model, which includes only Compton scattering photon interactions at energy scales near recombination, results in zero primordial circular polarization of the cosmic microwave background. In this paper we consider a particular renormalizable and gauge-invariant standard model extension coupling photons to an external vector field via a Chern-Simons term, which arises as a radiative correction if gravitational torsion couples to fermions. We compute the transport equations for polarized photons from a Boltzmann-like equation, showing that such a coupling will source circular polarization of the microwave background. For the particular coupling considered here, the circular polarization effect is always negligible compared to the rotation of the linear polarization orientation, also derived using the same formalism. We note the possibility that limits on microwave background circular polarization may probe other photon interactions and related fundamental effects such as violations of Lorentz invariance.
Alexander Stephon
Kosowsky Arthur
Ochoa Joseph
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