Ganymede's magnetosphere: results from threedimensional MHD simulations

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Ganymede, one of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter, has its own magnetosphere, which forms due to the interaction of the moon's intrinsic magnetic field and Jupiter's magnetospheric environment. As contrast to the highly fluctuating solar wind with unpredictable variations in plasma and magnetic field, the external Jovian field and plasma conditions at Ganymede's orbit vary slowly (with the nearly 10.5 hour synodic period of Jupiter's rotation) and the magnetic field remains in a favorable orientation (southward in this case) for reconnection. To study Ganymede's interaction with Jupiter's magnetosphere, we carried out three-dimensional global MHD simulations using available Galileo observations as upstream boundary conditions for all Galileo's six close encounters to Ganymede. Satisfactory agreement between our simulation results and the Galileo magnetometer observations validates our MHD model and therefore provides us with a realistic description of Ganymede's magnetospheric field. In this paper, we will show the global structure of the magnetosphere, such as the magnetospheric configuration, current system and convection pattern, and illustrate the differences from and the similarities shared with other magnetospheres. Because Ganymede's magnetosphere provides us with a good opportunity to investigate the reconnection process in a relatively stable external environment, we will also discuss the properties of reconnection process observed in our simulations.

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