Galileo Radio Occultation Measurements of Jupiter's Ionosphere and Atmosphere

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Scientific paper

Shortly after orbital insertion, the Galileo spacecraft was occulted by Jupiter. Ingress and egress occurred on the terminator near 24(deg) \ S and 43(deg) \ S planetocentric latitudes and at solar zenith angles 89(deg) and 91(deg) , respectively. Analysis of the S-band carrier signal from the spacecraft's low-gain antenna provides further evidence of the heterogeneous structure of Jupiter's ionosphere, which had been suggested from occultations in earlier spacecraft missions. At ingress there is a broad peak, ~ 220 \ km wide, with a peak electron density of 1x 10(5) \ cm(-3) approximately 900 km above the 1-bar level. At lower altitudes there are several thin electron layers, beginning approximately 200 km below the main peak, that produce multipath propagation. The two uppermost of these are about 75 km apart and have widths ~ 40 \ km, with peak densities of ~ 10(5) \ cm(-3) . These peaks may indicate the presence of gravity waves. At egress the main peak has a maximum electron density ~ 2x 10(4) \ cm(-3) at roughly 2000 km above the 1 bar level. At lower altitudes there is some evidence of multipath propagation, but unlike the ingress side, no organized layers can be extracted from the noise. The signal on egress is strong enough to remain detectable through the beginnings of the neutral atmosphere down to roughly 20 mbar. Neither ingress nor egress shows any evidence of ionospheric scintillation.

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