Galaxies as Standard Crayons: Measuring Galactic Reddening with Background Passive Galaxies

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Scientific paper

To determine the true colors of extra-Galactic sources, we require an accurate map of the extinction generated by the foreground dust in the Milky Way. The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), among many others, relies on the maps provided by Schlegel, Finkbeiner and Davis (1998; SFD98). These are derived from maps of infrared dust emission and dust temperature, based on the assumption that dust absorption can be uniquely determined from its infrared emission properties.  We check these maps using the colors of passively evolving galaxies from the SDSS. Passive galaxies populate a tight, well-defined 'red sequence' in the color-magnitude diagram.  This sequence can be used as a 'standard crayon': an object of known true color.  We search for deviations in the colors of red sequence galaxies as a function of position on the SDSS sky, taking into account small systematic variations with redshift and local galaxy environment. We present a corrected map of Galactic reddening, with very significant differences from SFD98. These maps will be made available to the public to use for more precise Galactic reddening. We also compare our reddening results to an alternative method, using neutral hydrogen (HI) column as a proxy for galactic reddening. We employ new HI maps from GALFA-HI, which has comparable resolution to the SFD98 maps. Additionally, we use the standard crayon method to put constraints on the presence of cold dust in high-velocity clouds, which have been shown to lack dust emission but whose reddening properties have not been accurately measured.

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