Galaxies Across Cosmic Time

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Scientific paper

The Astro2010 Science Frontier Panel Galaxies Across Cosmic Time (GCT) study encompassed the main constituents of the universe across 90 percent of its history, from the formation and evolution of structures such as galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and the "cosmic web” of intergalactic matter, to the stars, gas, dust, supermassive black holes, and dark matter of which they are composed. These elements are coupled in a complicated evolutionary progression as matter accretes into galaxies, stars form and evolve, black holes grow, supernovae and active galactic nuclei expel matter and energy into the intergalactic medium (IGM), and galaxies collide and merge. The GCT panel was charged with formulating 4 questions and identifying one area with unusual discovery potential that it believes will form the focus for research in the coming decade. The questions are: (1) How do cosmic structures form and evolve? (2) How do baryons cycle in and out of galaxies, and what do they do while they are there? (3) How do black holes grow, radiate, and influence their surroundings? (4) What were the first objects to light up the universe and when did they do it? We identified the epoch of reionization as the Discovery Area. This presentation reviews highlights from the GCT report, some of which imply a need for new observational facilities, whereas others could be done with existing facilities, possibly with a reprogramming of resources.

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