Future development in cryogenic techniques for space

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Bolometers, Coolers, Cryogenic Cooling, Electromagnetic Radiation, Squid (Detectors), Spaceborne Astronomy, Spacecraft Instruments, Technology Assessment

Scientific paper

The detection of faint electromagnetic radiation in space astronomy and astrophysics requires very low temperatures to improve the signal to noise ratio of the very sensitive detectors in order to reduce the electronic noise of the detector amplifiers and finally to suppress the self emission of infrared radiation of the telescope itself. To provide such a cryogenic environment in space, both open and closed loop cooling systems using different cryogens are in use, thereby covering the whole temperature range from about 80K down to 1.8K. Future applications such as highly sensitive bolometers or SQUID's will ask for temperatures down to the subKelvin range. Such temperatures can be achieved by sophisticated low temperature cooling stages. Cryogenic cooling in space basically relies on the same cooling principles as in the laboratory. However the systems in general have to be specifically designed and new components have to be developed to match the cryogenic infrastructure to the specific demands of the optical instrument, the requirements from the satellite and the constraints imposed by the space environment.

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