Fully kinetic theory of drift-mirror modes in space plasmas. Electron drift-mirror instability

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Mirror Instability, Magnetic Holes

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The fully kinetic linear theory of drift-mirror (DM) instability accounting for arbitrary particle velocity distribution functions is developed. This approach includes nonzero electron temperature effects and plasma pressure anisotropy such that it contains the previous results, obtained in quasi-hydrodynamic approach, as limiting cases. In addition to the previous analysis, two novel instabilities, the hydrodynamic and kinetic electron drift-mirror (EDM) instabilities, have been revealed in the fully kinetic regime. The first one appears in the narrow range of the ion temperature anisotropies in the presence of nonzero electron temperature effects and plasma inhomogeneity below the ion mirror instability threshold. The second instability occurs in kinetic regime when the condition for the ion DM instability is satisfied. The frequency of the kinetic EDM mode is much lower than that of the ion DM mode but when the electron temperature is of the order of the parallel ion temperature the instability growth rate may become comparable or even higher than of the ion DM instability. The free energy necessary for these new instabilities is taken from two sources. On one hand, similar to the usual mirror instability, it is stored in the ion pressure anisotropy. On the other hand, the additional source of free energy arises from the electron pressure gradient which builds up in a plasma with nonzero electron temperature.

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