From Mars Express to Venus Express

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Scientific paper

Venus Express, an Orbiter for the study of the atmosphere, the plasma environment, and the surface of Venus, is a mission which was proposed to ESA in response to the Call for ideas to re-use the Mars Express platform issued in March 2001. This mission was selected by ESA in June 2001 for an assessment study which was carried out over a 3-month period. The study, performed in the period July-October 2001, by ESA, Astrium and a team of scientific institutes has demonstrated that an orbiter mission to Venus could be carried out by adapting the Mars-Express satellite designed for a mission to Mars. The Mars Express spacecraft is under development for ESA by Astrium SAS of France. It is planned for launch in mid-2003, by a Soyuz-Fregat rocket. Its adaptation to a Venusian mission proved to be feasible with limited design modifications, essentially in the field of thermal control architecture and hardware. Taking thus advantage of the high level of recurrence and the optimum phasing between both projects, a launch during the Venus window of November 2005 appears to be feasible with an adequate schedule margin, and a moderate cost. The Venus Express mission and satellite are based on the following instruments set inherited from Mars Express and Rosetta programmes : Energetic Neutral Atoms Analyzer (ASPERA, from Mars Express), Atmospheric High Resolution Fourier Spectrometer (PFS, also from Mars Express), UV &IR Atmospheric Spectrometer (SPICAM, from Mars Express, complemented by SOIR), Radar Sounder VenSIS, adapted from the Mars Express MarSIS, Venus Monitoring Camera (new instrument, but with ROSETTA heritage), UV-Visible-near-IR imaging Spectrometer VIRTIS (from ROSETTA), Radio Science (VeRA, also on ROSETTA). The study demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed mission to Venus in 2005, based on the Mars Express spacecraft. The required adaptation of the spacecraft identified along the study is related to the thermal aspects during the orbital phase around Venus. This is due mainly to a solar flux four times stronger at Venus than at Mars, as well as a planet albedo which is much higher. In spite of this, the whole system approach (thermal control architecture and satellite pointing strategy for observation and for communication with the Earth) has been adapted from the Mars Express one, without introducing major modifications. The presentation will describe the Venus-Express mission and the spacecraft design. It will mainly focus on the technical feasibility of the adaptation of the Mars Express spacecraft to a Venus mission and discus the main programmatics constraints resulting from a short development imposed by the requirement to meet the 2005 launch opportunity.

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