Four Decades of TiO/CN Classification Photometry

Statistics – Applications

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

Photometry on the writer's eight-color narrow-band system has entered its 40th year. This poster, in connection with the HAD Special Session on "Photometry: Past and Present," reviews the history of the system and its applications. Employing interference filters approximately 50 Å in width to measure the strongest bands of TiO, VO, and CN as well as continuum points in the 7000 -- 11000 Å spectral region, the system is used primarily to provide two-dimensional spectral classifications for M stars. A precision of 0.1 spectral subtype is routinely obtained for normal stars of type K4.0 or later. The first two sets of filters were manufactured in 1969, and the first observations were made with the Perkins 1.8-m telescope at Lowell Observatory. A decade later, after some of the original filters had deteriorated, new filter sets were made for several individuals and observatories including KPNO and CTIO. During the 1970s, observations were made with S-1 photomultipliers and the emphasis was on bright stars. Later, with the acquisition of the more sensitive Varian LSE photocells by both KPNO and CTIO, observations extended to red giant cluster members, K and M supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds, and faint suspected Galactic supergiants. Observations were briefly interrupted when the ASCAP photometer at CTIO was taken out of service in 2001, but were resumed in 2003 with the establishment of the SMARTS consortium. Large-format filters representing the first 6 filters of the 8-color system have been acquired to allow work by CCD imaging. At least 15 observers have contributed an estimated 16,000 sets of narrow-band data for approximately 5000 different stars to date.

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