Formation of unsaturated hydrocarbons by cosmic ray analogs in interstellar ices

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The presence of large unsaturated carbon chain species, such as polyacetylenes, cyanopolyes and PAHs, in interstellar regions has been detected in the last 30 years. During the years, several mechanism have been proposed to explain the presence of these compounds in space including, gas-phase ion-molecule reactions and neutral-neutral reactions. Although no direct detection of large saturated carbon chains in interstellar medium such as cyclohexane (c-C_6H12) has been achieved, the presence of this compound as well as others large saturated hydrocarbons, have been suggested in these regions. These compounds form easily in grain surface by direct hydrogenation. We present an experimental study concerning the formation of C=C and C≡C bonds from the processing of pure c-C_6H12 and mixed H_2O:NH_3:c-C_6H12 ices by heavy, highly-charged, and energetic ions (219 MeV 16O7+ ; 46 MeV 58Ni13+). The experiments simulate the physical chemistry induced by heavy-ion cosmic rays at interstellar ices. The measurements were performed inside a high vacuum chamber at the heavy-ion accelerator GANIL (Grand Accelerateur National d'Ions Lourds) in Caen, France. The gas samples were deposited onto a polished CsI substrate previously cooled to 13 K. In-situ analysis was performed by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) at different ion fluences. The results suggest an alternative scenario for the production of unsaturated carbon chain species (and dehydrogenation) in interstellar ices induced by cosmic rays bombardment.

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