Formation mechanisms of highly non-coplanar systems

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Scientific paper

We examine possible dynamical mechanisms for the formation of planetary systems with high mutual inclinations, starting from a coplanar system that undergoes Type II migration in a gas disc. For a three-planet system, an inclination excitation mechanism exists: the three planets can be trapped in a multiple mean motion resonance - as in the case studied in [7], for the young Solar system. As migration continues and the eccentricities of the planets grow, inclination-type resonances come to play. If the resonance persists as the gas dissipates, a stable resonant 3-D three-planet system can form. Otherwise, the system is dynamically disrupted, typically leading to the ejection of one planet and the formation of a highly non-coplanar twoplanet system. We show that trapping to several triple resonances can occur and we study the frequency of resonant inclination excitation.

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