Fluctuation of the Martian ionosphere observed by Mars Express ionospheric sounding

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[2459] Ionosphere / Planetary Ionospheres, [5435] Planetary Sciences: Solid Surface Planets / Ionospheres, [6225] Planetary Sciences: Solar System Objects / Mars

Scientific paper

The Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS), on board the ESA spacecraft Mars Express, in its Active Ionospheric Sounding mode, produces ionograms that enable us to compute electron density profiles of the Martian ionosphere over a wide range of day-side solar zenith angles and planetary longitudes and latitudes at a maximum resolution of 7.543 s. An electron density profile contains the values of the ionospheric peak electron density and its corresponding altitude. In order to analyze the state of motion of the Martian ionosphere, we have computed the standard deviation of these two quantities for four-minute intervals spanning the time between 14 August 2005 and 19 April 2009 corresponding to 473 orbits of Mars Express between orbits 2032 and 6795. Our analysis shows that fluctuation of the Martian ionosphere, as indicated by both the peak electron density and the peak altitude, increases at solar zenith angles greater than 60° and that this increase is strongest in regions of high remanent magnetic field. Use of the MGS solar-wind magnetic-field-draping direction proxy indicates that these fluctuations are strongest when remanent and solar-wind-borne fields are oppositely directed. These measurements open the possibility that near-terminator fluctuation in the Martian ionosphere is related to magnetic reconnection coupled with bulk outflows from the Martian atmosphere.

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