Fission-track evidence for apparent out-of-sequence Cenozoic deformation along the Philip Smith Mountain front, northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska

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Scientific paper

The northeastern Brooks Range (NEBR), bounded to the northwest by the Philip Smith Mountain front (PSMF), advanced northward from the east-trending main axis of the Brooks Range in Cenozoic time. The evolution of the PSMF is difficult to assess by conventional means because of a limited Cenozoic depositional record and poor exposures between the mountain front and the deformation front. 49 surface and 3 subsurface samples were collected along the northern flank of the PSMF to evaluate its thermal and tectonic history using apatite fission-track (AFT) data. Time-temperature modelling of the AFT data indicate that rocks exposed along the PSMF experienced maximum paleotemperatures in Late Cretaceous to Paleocene time and subsequently cooled during three episodes of km-scale denudation, at ~60, ~46, and ~35 Ma. Apparent out-of-sequence deformation is indicated because successively younger ages are recorded to the southeast, approaching the range front from the foreland. This may reflect a hindward-propagating thrust sequence or apparent out-of-sequence deformation above a forward-propagating basal detachment due either to successive drops in the basal detachment or to deformation within the wedge. These results highlight the usefulness of fission-track data in revealing the age and distribution of tectonically driven unroofing and associated structural boundaries, particularly where they are otherwise difficult to recognize.

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