Field of solar collectors: Effect of shadowing on the optimal field design

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Cost Analysis, Economic Analysis, Insolation, Plant Design, Shadows, Solar Collectors, Solar Energy Conversion, Solar Generators, Attitude (Inclination), Azimuth, Costs, Energy Requirements, Gradients, Israel, Optimization, Planetary Bases, Spacing

Scientific paper

For a field of solar energy collectors, the effects on energy output of mutual and self-shading of the collectors are analyzed, in relation to the physical parameters of the field. Among the parameters considered are the spacing between the collectors, the tilt and azimuth angles of the collectors and the slope and orientation of the field. The self-shading of convex and concave collectors and the special case of the new catenary-tent collector, conceived for eventual use on non-terrestrial planets are also considered. The results of the shading analysis are used to determine the optimal deployment of an arbitrarily oriented and sloped field of stationary collectors. The optimization criteria considered were: maximum energy output; minimum plant cost and minimum produced energy cost. The deployment parameters considered for each of these criteria were number and spacing of rows and tilt angle of the collectors. For the first criterion a fixed field area was considered; for the other two, both fixed and unlimited land dimensions were considered. In every case, yearly average and worst month (January) insolation figures were considered. The optimizations based on maximum energy output or minimum energy cost led to higher initial plant costs, owing to the larger number of rows required, but led to lower costs of produced energy. The solution which minimized the plant cost led to the highest cost of produced energy. A sensitivity analysis covering all the parameters showed that variations in the individual collector parameters (collector height, length and efficiency) have the most effect on the optimal solution.

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