Feasibility Study on Lunar and Mars Exploration

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Mars Exploration, International Space Station, Lunar Exploration, Feasibility Analysis, Exploitation, Japan, Mars Bases, Lunar Bases, Manned Space Flight, Space Observations (From Earth), Lunar Landing, Atmospheric Entry, Mission Planning, Space Missions, International Cooperation, Drone Vehicles, Space Transportation, Lunar Surface, Terraforming, Lunar Based Equipment, Orbital Servicing, Space Platforms, Stationary Orbits, Spaceborne Experiments, Interplanetary Communication, Mars Sample Return Missions, T

Scientific paper

This technical memorandum summarizes the results of an in-house study on lunar and Mars drone explorations - observation, landing and mobile explorations and sample returns for lunar and Mars respectively. So far, lunar and planet explorations have been primarily performed by the United States and the Soviet Union. ISAS and ESA have also contributed to some extent. The main purpose has been scientific exploration. There are some arguments that lunar and planet explorations should be performed for scientific purposes and the exploitation of them is not necessary. However, most scientific research involve the existence and survival of humankind, so it is not the fact that they cannot be organized from the side of exploitation. Especially, if NASDA makes approaches to lunar and Mars exploration, it should inevitably embrace exploitation plans. In this preface we provide the outline of lunar and Mars exploitation scenarios set up as a premise of the review on lunar and Mars unmanned exploration plans. Various reviews have been performed on whether the Moon or Mars would allow for human activities or survival. Among them, He mill, the solar powered satellite material mill and construction project of relay station to Mars as well as Mars teraforming plan have important issues. These projects have not yet become feasible because their expected investments are too large to make them practical. However, the present time seems the most appropriate to get with lunar and Mars exploitation projects under international cooperation since the realization of a space station is imminent and the international cooperation is being created with the participation of Russia. The international space station project will be continued until the year 2015. The post project has not yet been decided. Therefore, we expect that Japan would propose two successive projects, one is to construct an orbital service station combining manned abilities of the station and orbital service system and the other is to build a manned lunar base taking almost all functions of the space station onto the lunar surface. The mission of the lunar base is to perform experiments for lunar resource exploitation. The study in this memorandum is based upon the above-mentioned lunar and Mars exploitation project, however, it is also a fact that lunar and Mars exploitation procedures have been established through this study. As is the nature of exploration planning, changes in the exploitation project would not remarkably reduce the validity. Nevertheless, establishment of successive projects in the early stage would help effective planning of exploration as a whole without fail. Study on post-projects of manned lunar bases, orbital service systems and future transportation systems are scheduled and these reports will be provided as soon as possible.

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