Factor models on locally tree-like graphs

Details Factor models on locally tree-like graphs Factor models on locally tree-like graphs

2011-10-21

arxiv.org/abs/1110.4821v1

Mathematics

Probability

35 pages, 1 figure

Scientific paper

We consider homogeneous factor models on uniformly sparse graph sequences converging locally to a (unimodular) random tree T, and study the existence of the free energy density phi, the limit of the log-partition function divided by the number of vertices n as n tends to infinity. We provide a new interpolation scheme and use it to prove existence of, and to explicitly compute, the quantity phi subject to uniqueness of a relevant Gibbs measure for the factor model on T. By way of example we compute phi for the independent set (or hard-core) model at low fugacity, for the ferromagnetic Ising model at all parameter values, and for the ferromagnetic Potts model with both weak enough and strong enough interactions. Even beyond uniqueness our interpolation provides useful explicit bounds on phi. In the regimes in which we establish existence of the limit, we show that it coincides with the Bethe free energy functional evaluated at a suitable fixed point of the belief propagation recursions on T. In the special case that T has a Galton-Watson law, this formula coincides with the non-rigorous "Bethe prediction" obtained by statistical physicists using the "replica" or "cavity" methods. Thus our work is a rigorous generalization of these heuristic calculations to the broader class of sparse graph sequences converging locally to trees. We also provide a variational characterization for the Bethe prediction in this general setting, which is of independent interest.

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