Statistics
Scientific paper
Dec 1994
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1994aipc..294..112d&link_type=abstract
High-energy solar phenomena-A new era of spacecraft measurements. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 294, pp. 112-117 (1994).
Statistics
6
Scientific paper
Throughout the 10-year operating history of the SMM Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (GRS), only a handful of large solar flares have exhibited measurable emission of neutral pions (through pion-decay γ-rays) or high-energy neutrons (detected at the Earth). For 4 of the flares in which neutral pion-decay γ-rays have been detected by GRS, most of the neutral pions appear to have been produced after the ``main'' impulsive phase as determined from hard X-rays and low-energy γ-rays. The time history of the γ-ray emission above 10 MeV during this ``extended'' phase is also strikingly similar from flare to flare. Similar time histories have also been seen by EGRET and Comptel on CGRO. This may mean that the acceleration of protons to high energy, or, alternatively, the precipitation of trapped high-energy particles, in an ``extended'' or ``delayed'' phase may be a common feature of flares with significant production of pions and high-energy neutrons. The extended phase emission can be characterized by exponential ``decay'' times of a few minutes. The relaxation time can apparently be much longer for flares strong enough to have sufficient counting statistics and for sufficient observing time.
Chupp Edward L.
Dunphy Philip P.
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