Exploring the Universe with Large Neutrino Telescopes

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

Neutrino astronomy provides a new window to explore the universe. The penetrating properties of the neutrino, due to it possessing only weak interactions with matter, gives this new field of astronomy unique discovery potential. Observation of neutrinos from particular sources will be able to distinguish between leptonic and hadronic acceleration and resolve enigmas in sources seen in gamma ray observations. Further, it is possible that sources exist in the universe where only neutrinos can escape and be observed. Among the examples of these later objects, could be the sun where in certain models of dark matter a concentration of dark matter particles would exist at its centre and be observable with high energy neutrinos. Around the world there are three regions where large scale neutrino telescopes exist: the South Pole in Antarctica, Lake Baikal in Siberia and the Mediterranean Sea. At the South Pole and in Lake Baikal telescopes of increasing size have been in operation since the early 1990's. Since January 2007 a large neutrino telescope has been operating in the Mediterranean. The status and results of the existing projects at the South Pole, AMANDA/ICECUBE, and in Baikal will be presented, together with the status and the first data from the ANTARES project in the Mediterranean. Plans of future large neutrino telescope projects in Lake Baikal and the Mediterranean will be exposed.

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