Computer Science – Sound
Scientific paper
Dec 1974
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1974jatp...36.2255w&link_type=abstract
Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, vol. 36, Dec. 1974, p. 2255-2286.
Computer Science
Sound
Ionospheric Sounding, Satellite Observation, Upper Ionosphere, Earth Magnetosphere, Electron Energy, F Region, Ionospheric Disturbances, Ionospheric Electron Density, Ionospheric Ion Density, Ionospheric Temperature, Lines Of Force, Magnetic Storms, Ring Currents, Technology Assessment, Thermosphere
Scientific paper
The development of the knowledge and understanding of the topside ionosphere since the launch of the first instrumented earth satellite in 1958 is reviewed. At that time, quite detailed information about the behavior of the bottomside ionosphere had been obtained by ground-based methods, especially ionosondes. Almost nothing, however, was known about the topside ionosphere, or about other parameters of the ionosphere such as temperature and composition. Knowledge of the neutral atmosphere was scant, and the magnetosphere undiscovered. It was from the study of these topics as well as the topside ionosphere itself that the large strides of the subsequent period resulted. The result has been a deeper appreciation of the importance of the interrelation between ionosphere, magnetosphere, plasmasphere and neutral atmosphere, and of the dynamical processes which occur in all these regions.
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