Exhumation history of a section of the Sikkim Himalayas, India: records in the metamorphic mineral equilibria and compositional zoning of garnet

Details Exhumation history of a section of the Sikkim Himalayas, India: records in the metamorphic mineral equilibria and compositional zoning of garnet Exhumation history of a section of the Sikkim Himalayas, India: records in the metamorphic mineral equilibria and compositional zoning of garnet

Dec 2000

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2000e%26psl.183..471g&link_type=abstract

Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 183, Issue 3-4, p. 471-486.

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18

Scientific paper

The exhumation history of pelitic migmatite samples from the High Himalayan Crystalline Complex (HHC) near the South Tibetian Detachment System in the Sikkim-Darjeeling section has been determined on the basis of thermo-barometric analyses, retrograde breakdown reactions and compositional zoning of garnet. The peak metamorphic condition is estimated to be ~10.4 kbar, 800°C from thermo-barometric and phase equilibrium constraints. The observed retrograde breakdown of garnet to spinel and cordierite requires near isothermal and, hence, extremely rapid (~15 mm/yr) exhumation up to the depth of ~15 km. Numerical modeling suggests that the initial rapid exhumation must have been followed by a much slower process, ~2 mm/yr, up to at least ~5 km depth, to lead to the development of the observed compositional zoning of garnet. The dramatic change of the exhumation velocity (Vz) might reflect a process of tectonic thinning followed by erosion and/or horizontal flow at shallow depth. Assuming that the Vz did not change significantly below 5 km depth, these results suggest that the HHC samples studied in this work exhumed from a depth of ~34 km within ~8 Ma.

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